华东沿海滩涂区表层沉积物重金属含量特征及风险评价

Characteristics and Risks of Heavy Metals Content in Surface Sediment of Tidal Flat Areas in Eastern China

为了解华东(江苏省、上海市、浙江省和福建省)沿海滩涂表层沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn等重金属含量特征、来源及污染风险.采用数理统计、相关性分析、因子分析等方法对华东沿海滩涂区表层沉积物1 906件样品的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn等7种重金属进行了系统研究.结果显示华东沿海滩涂区表层沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn等7种重金属总体含量不高,其中江苏省沿海滩涂表层沉积物重金属总体含量较低,上海、浙江沿海滩涂表层沉积物重金属总体含量较高;上海、浙江沿海滩涂表层沉积物重金属除了自然成因,受人为活动影响较大,江苏沿海表层滩涂沉积物受人为活动影响相对较轻,其中Hg在上海、浙江、福建滩涂受人为活动影响尤为严重,Cd、Cu在上海、浙江滩涂受人为活动影响尤为严重.采用海洋沉积物污染指数和平均沉积物质量基准商进行评价,结果显示,华东沿海滩涂区沉积物总体污染物生态风险较低,江苏省和福建省滩涂生态风险较低,上海市和浙江省滩涂生态风险相对较高.

To understand the heavy metals content such as As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb,and Zn,as well as their distribution features in surface sediments of tidal flat areas of Eastern China,mathematical statistics,correlation analysis,factor analysis and other statistical methods are used.This study collected 1906 surface sediment samples of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb,Zn were collected as part of a systematic research effort.These results show that the coastal tidal flats zone of Eastern China contains surface sediment samples with heavy metal concentrations（As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb,and Zn） with is not high but has increased due to anthropogenic sources.The total content of heavy metals in Jiangsu province is low,however,in Shanghai and Zhejiang provinces relatively high heavy metal contents are present.In addition to natural causes,the heavy metal content in coastal sediment in Shanghai and Zhejiang is significantly affected by human activities,while Jiangsu coastal surface sediments has light impacts from human activities.Heavy metal contamination in coastal areas Shanghai,Zhejiang,and Fujian provinces is particularly serious including Hg,Cd,and Cu contamination.The results of an evaluation using the Marine Pollution Sediment Index and Mean Sediment Quality Guidelines show that in Eastern China,the overall sediment pollutant ecological risk is low for Jiangsu and Fujian provinces,however,the ecological risk for the tidal flats of Shanghai and Zhejiang provincial beaches is relatively high due to heavy metal concentrations.