昆明地铁环境空气质量检测分析

A detection and analysis of environmental air quality in Kunming subway

2014年7月,利用便携监测设备检测了昆明31个地铁站台及车厢内环境空气质量,对空气中砷化氢(As H3)、氨(NH3)、总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)、一氧化氮(NO)、二氧化氮(NO2)进行了检测分析.结果表明:(1)在高架站台(斗南站)与地下站台(东风广场站)气态污染物浓度的对比中,高架站台中As H2、NH3、NO、NO2的质量浓度分别为(117.25±1.94)、(53.93±7.30)、(395.66±5.13)、(89.77±17.82)μg·m-3,且TVOCs体积分数为(63.59±3.61)×10-9,而地下站台5种气态污染物质量浓度分别为(112.21±1.94)、(119.63±3.06)、(398.20±4.62)、(54.23±2.54)μg·m-3和(103.39±3.88)×10-9(体积分数),高架站台中As H3、NH3质量浓度和TVOCs体积分数比地下站台高,而NOx质量浓度高架站台比地下站台低;(2)在站台与车厢内气态污染物浓度的对比中,站台中As H3、NH3、NO、NO2的质量浓度分别为(116.27±1.19)、(106.92±5.50)、(397.71±3.83)、(61.11±4.58)μg·m-3,且TVOCs的体积分数为(95.68±4.29)×10-9,车厢中5种气态污染物的质量浓度分别为(119.63±1.22)、(120.53±2.97)、(384.53±2.71)、(78.83±3.36)μg·m-3和(113.83±4.08)×10-9(体积分数),其中站台的As H3、NH3及TVOCs浓度均明显低于车厢内浓度,而NOx两者相似;(3)在对31个站的监测中发现,As H3在31个站中质量浓度水平相差不大,其中东风广场站的As H3质量浓度最高,为126.81μg·m-3,NH3质量浓度和TVOCs体积分数在环城南路站最高,分别为145.26μg·m-3和155.73×10-9,NOx质量浓度在南部客运站最高,其中NO2质量浓度为158.21μg·m-3.本研究中发现,As H3、NH3和TVOCs浓度变化主要受客流量影响较大,NO、NO2的质量浓度变化主要受地面汽车尾气排放的影响.

The use of portable monitoring equipment to detect the subway station＇s and interior air quality of Kunming was collected and applied in July 2014, air of arsine （AsH3 ） ,ammonia （NH3 ）, total volatile organic compounds （TVOCs） ,nitric oxide （NO） ,nitrogen dioxide （NO2） were detected and analyzed.① In the compar- ison of the concentration of gaseous pollutants in the elevated platform （ Dounan station） and the underground platform （ Oriental Plaza station）.The mass concentrations of ASH3, NH3, NO and NO2 in the elevated platform were （117.25±1.34）, （53.93±7.30）, （ 395.66±5.13 ）, （ 89.77± 17.82） μg · m^-3, and the volume concentration of TVOCs was （63.59±3.61）×10^-9.The concentration of five kinds of gaseous pollutants on the platform is （ 117.25±1.34）, （ 119.63±3.06）, （398.20±4.62）, （54.23±2.54）μg · m^-3 and （103.39±3.88）×10^-9.The con- centration of ASH3, NH3 and TVOCs in the elevated platform is higher than that in the underground platform, and the concentration elevation platform is lower than that of the underground platform. ②In the comparison of the concentration of gaseous pollutants in the platform and the subway inside.The mass concentrations of ASH3, NH3, NO and NO2 in the platform were （ 116.27±1.19）, （ 106.92±5.50）, （397.71±3.83）, （61.11±4.58） μg · m^-3, and the volume concentration of TVOCs was （95.68±4.29）×10^-9.The concentration of five kinds of gaseous pol- lutants in the subway inside were （ 119.63±1.22）, （ 120.53±2.97）, （384.53±2.71）, （78.83±3.36） μg · m^-3 and （113.83±4.08）×10^-9.Where the site of ASH3, NH3 ,TVOCs concentrations were significantly lower than the concentration of the inside,and NOx similar.③In the monitoring of 31 stations, it was found that AsH3 had the same level of concentration in 31 stations, and Dongfeng square station was the highest, which was 126.81 μg · m^-3.The mass concentration of NH3 and the volume concentration of TVOCs was the highest in the South Ring Road station,which was 145.26μg · m^-3 and 155.73×10^-9.The mass concentration of NOx in the South Coach station has the highest distribution of 382.611μg · m^-3 and 158.21 μg · m^-3.In this study, it has been found that the change of AsH3 ,NH3 and TVOCs is mainly influenced by the passenger flow.The change of NO and NO2 con- centration is mainly affected by the emission of ground vehicle.