国外博士生调查主要调查什么?——基于美、英、澳、日四国问卷的比较分析

Different Subject Focuses in Foreign Questionnaires on Doctoral Education——A comparative analysis based on questionnaires in the USA,UK,Australia and Japan

如何避免膨胀的规模稀释博士学位的含金量,保障博士生教育质量是世界范围面临的共同挑战,在此背景下,各国相继研发调查问卷等工具开展博士生调查。国外博士生调查覆盖国家—院校两个层次,面向在校生、毕业生和校友三类群体,包括问卷、访谈等多种调查工具。博士生调查问卷的共性逻辑是遵循就读前、在读中、毕业后的阶段性,在读阶段侧重博士生对导师指导、资源提供、研究氛围、考核评估、技能发展、专业发展、机会获得、经济支持等关键环节的体验调查;毕业后侧重调查博士毕业生就业去向的变化和雇主的反馈评价。未来我国博士生调查改进的思路是尝试构建系统完善、抽样科学、形式多样的博士生调查体系,以及研发关注论文写作、职业发展、考核评估的博士生调查工具。

It is a common challenge for the whole world to guarantee the quality of doctoral education and avoid excessive scale expansion of the doctoral education that dilutes the"gold content"of doctorate.In this context,many countries have developed questionnaires and other tools to carry out survey on doctoral education.Usually,the survey in foreign countries covers two layers:state and institutions;three groups:students at school,graduated students and alumni.The methods include questionnaire and interview.The common logic of the questionnaire to survey doctoral students follows the sequence from before matriculation,at school to after graduation.For the at-school period,the survey focuses on experience of supervisors' guidance,source supply,research atmosphere,examination and evaluation,skill development,professional development,opportunity acquirement,and financial support.For the after graduation period,the survey focuses on the employment and the feedback from employers.The idea the author proposes to improve the survey on doctoral education in China is to develop a doctoral student survey system featuring well-developed system,scientific sampling and in various forms,and to develop some survey tools that focus on dissertation writing,career development,examination and evaluation.