清末新政与湖南宪政文化的兴起

The End of Qing Dynasty and the Rise of Constitutional Culture in Hunan

清末新政是清朝统治者为了摆脱统治危机而被迫采取的缓和社会矛盾的"变法"活动,这场活动以经济改革为动因,最后波及政治改革领域。绅士在这场改革运动中成了首当其冲的对象,失去了传统的特权,出现了多向分化的新现象。湖南绅士也不例外,在改革的十字路口,他们不得不做出自己的选择:有的人当兵为民,走向下层;有的人经营工商,创办实业;有的人兴学育才,成为新式教育工作者;有的人办报编书,成为自由职业者;有的人投身革命,成为清王朝的掘墓人;但更多的人则以合法的手段,推动清末变法向政治领域延伸,促使湖南宪政文化迅速兴起。

The new deal in the late Qing dynasty rulers ruled in order to get rid of easing social conflicts crisis but had to take the＂political reform＂campaign,the campaign to economic reform as motivation,finally spilled over into areas of political reform.Gentleman in the reform movement became the first object, lost their traditional privileges, there is a differentiation of new phenomena. Hunan gentleman also not exception, in reform of crossroads, they had to made themselves of select： some people soldier for people, towards lower; some people operating business, founded industrial; some people schools yucai, became new education workers;some people newspaper series book,became Freelancer;some people join revolution,became Qing dynasty of grave digger; but more of people is to legitimate of means, promoting Qing late reform to political area extends, led Hunan constitutional culture quickly rise.