孟子的“性善论”与“王道”思想关系探究——基于《孟子·梁惠王》等篇目的分析

Research on the Relationship between Mencius' "Theory of Good Nature" and the Doctrine of "Kingcraft" ——Based on the Analysis of the Works of Mencius and King Hui of Liang

孟子的"性善论"和"王道"思想分别作为其伦理和政治学说中的核心部分,二者在孟子的思想体系中有着逻辑上的联系。一方面,孟子的性善论认为人类的天性中自然地存在善的成分,正因如此,人人都可以成为善人,这是"仁"这一道德概念得以存在的内在动机;另一方面,孟子的王道的核心就在于"仁",而仁政的施行主要取决于统治者的内心,其施行方式就是将个人道德实践的范围扩大到整个国家。由此,作为孟子道德理想之开端的"性善论"与作为其政治哲学核心的"王道"思想之间就形成了一条一以贯之的纽带。

As the core of ethical and political theory, Mencius 'theory of good nature' and the doctrine of 'kingcraft' connected with his ideological system logically. On one hand, Mencius advocates that every man has goodness because of human's nature, which is the internal motivation of the existence of 'benevolence' as a conception of morality. On the other hand,benevolence is the core of the doctrine of kingcraft from Mencius, which will depend on the governor's nature and its practical method is to enlarge the range of moral from individual to the whole nation. Therefore, there has been formed a continuous tie between Mencius' 'theory of good nature' which is the beginning of moral ideal and the doctrine of 'kingcraft' which is the core of political philosophy.