战后日本众议院选举制度改革的缘起——以1945年众议院选举制度改革为中心

Origin of the Electoral System Reform of House of Representatives in Postwar Japan——Electoral System Reforms of House of Representatives in 1945

1945年日本战败后,以美国为首的盟军总部在日本推行了一系列民主化改革,其中包括1945年底进行的众议院选举制度改革。此次改革是对战前选举制度的继承与修正,其结果的呈现主要来自三个方面的因素,即占领时期盟军总部的指导方针,日本官僚在改革中的主导作用,以及议员在审议过程中的消极影响。

After Japan was defeated in 1945,General Headquarters of United Nations led by the United States provided a series of democratic reforms,including the electoral system reforms of the House of Representatives at the end of 1945.This reform represented an inheritance and amendment for the former electoral system.The consequences were mainly presented by three aspects of the factors,namely the guidelines of Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers during the occupation,the leading role of Japanese bureaucrat in the reform,and the negative effect from congressmen in the deliberative process.