当代美国政治中的民粹主义

Populism in Contemporary American Politics

民粹主义作为一种意识形态、政治策略或政治运动,其兴起为近年来美国政治的发展带来了巨大的挑战和重要影响。从政治策略和政治运动相结合的视角可以深入剖析当代美国社会民粹主义运动的表象和成因,无论是右翼保守民粹主义的兴起还是左翼激进民粹主义运动,都是美国社会经济发展不平等、代议制民主制度缺陷凸显和种族、移民问题激化的必然结果。当代民粹主义运动的兴起一方面可以揭露美国现行代议制民主体制的不足,促进美国民主体制和政党制度的改革;另一方面由于民粹主义否认精英在现行民主体制下的作用,并拒绝政治协商与妥协,长此以往,其势必会影响到美国国内的政治制度化水平进而引发社会分化、民众生活失序等更多更严重的问题。

The rise of populism as a kind of ideology,political strategy or political movement in recent years has brought great challenges and important influences on the development of American politics.From perspective of the combination of the political strategy and political movement,we can explore the appearance and causes of populist movement in contemporary American society.Populism whether the right-wing conservative populist or the radical left-wing populist movement,is the inevitable result of the social and economic development inequality,obvious flaws in representative democratic system and acute contradictions in race and immigration issues in the United States.The rise of contemporary populist movement on the one hand can expose the defect of current system of representative democracy in the United States and promote the reform of the American democratic and political party system; On the other hand,due to the populist denied the role of elite in the current democratic system and refused political negotiation and compromise,in the long run,it is bound to affect the level of American political institutionalization and lead to social disintegration,people＇s life disorder and other more serious problems.