闽西客家传统民居装饰艺术研究

A Study of Decoration Art of Hakka Traditional Dwellings in Western Fujian

从装饰文化的角度出发,探讨了闽西客家传统民居装饰的代表性形制、演化、审美文化特征,以田野考察法为主,辅以文献资料法,对闽西地区典型的客家传统民居建筑装饰进行分类与对比研究。认为闽西客家传统民居装饰艺术的代表性形制包括方土楼、圆土楼、五凤楼和"九厅十八井"式民居。以土楼为代表的闽西客家传统民居的演化可分为明代中叶之前的起始期、明末清初的成熟期、清中期至20世纪40年代的兴盛期、新中国成立以来的衰落和转化期。其装饰的审美文化精神,体现为儒家思想观念的文化底蕴性、水火生克观念的设计配置性、生存和繁殖观念的造物生成性、装饰内容的兼容性以及装饰风格特征的对立性等层面。

From the perspective of decorative culture, the paper adopts the method of field study and literature data to classify and contrast the typical Hakka traditional residential building decoration in western Fujian. The representative forms of West Fu-jian Hakka traditional residential decoration design include square earth building, circular earth building, wufenglou and anine - hall eighteen - courtyard” style dwellings. The evolution of Hakka traditional houses represented by earth building can be divided into the period before the middle period of the Ming Dynasty, the maturity period from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dy-nasty ,the flourishing period from the middle period of the Qing Dynasty to the 1940s, the decline and transformation period since the founding of new China. The aesthetic spirit of its decoration is embodied in the cultural connotation of the Confucian idea, the design disposition of the conception of water and fire, the creation of survival and reproduction, the compatibility of decorative content and the antagonism of decorative style.