新媒体的发展对政党政治的影响——以特朗普当选美国总统为例

The Development of New Media's Influence on Party Politics—Take Trump Winning the Presidential Election as An Example

2016年美国大选,特朗普获胜,当选美国总统,众多因素共同推动此次"特朗普现象"的出现,新媒体也在其中发挥了关键性作用。以特朗普当选美国总统为例,通过比较美国两党候选人在大选期间利用推特的方式和产生的效果,并分析选民的投票数据,来解释新媒体的发展对政党政治的影响。新媒体的发展改变了选民对政党基于阶级的认同,改变了政党候选人产生的方式,增强了在野党的监督功能。但是,新媒体的发展并不会取代政党,西方传统的政党政治模式也不会完全改变。相反,新媒体会成为传统党派进行政党社会化和选举宣传的新工具。

In the United States presidential election in 2016, Donald Trump, also named “Twitter presi-dent” ,reversed the situation and won the game. A variety of factors contributed to the emergence of the “Trump phenomenon” , including new media which played a crucial role. This article takes the “Trump phe-nomenon” as an example to explain the development of new media’s influence on party politics, by comparing the way and effect of the two candidates＂ use of twitter during the election, and analyzing the vote data and tendency of voters. In conclusion, the development of new media changes the traditional class pattern of party supporters, weakens the electoral and representative functions of the party, and strengthens the supervision function of the opposition party. But, it doesn’t mean that new media will replace the political party, and the traditional pattern of party politics in western countries won’t be changed. In contrast, new media will be a new tool for political socialization and election propaganda which is used by traditional parties efficiently.