直村彝族祭祀仪式的社会基础与文化阐释

The Social Basis and Cultural Explanations for Sacrificial Rites of Yi People in Zhi Village

直村彝族祭祀仪式以多元信仰为基础,以人神交换为祭祀逻辑,以神鬼各司其职为祭祀目的。祭祀仪式的社会基础主要体现在通过信仰建立人与自然的平衡、确立人的生存策略和建构社会组织。祭祀仪式的文化阐释主要是仪式背后隐藏的符号、象征和隐喻。社会基础是祭祀仪式产生的根源,是文化表达的载体。文化阐释则深化了社会基础存在的合法性。考量祭祀仪式的社会基础与文化阐释,能够呈现祭祀仪式的全貌,折射人们生存的社会规则和文化内涵。

Most sacrificial rites of the Yi people in Zhi Village have pluralistic beliefs as their basis,follow the logic of exchange between humans and deities and are held for the purpose of having deities and ghosts perform their own duties. The social basis for the rites is reflected in the balance between humans and nature achieved through beliefs,people＇s survival strategies and social organizations. The cultural explanations are mainly concerned with the signs,symbols and metaphors behind the rites. The social basis is the root of the sacrificial rites and also the carrier of local culture,and cultural explanations can strengthen the legitimacy of the existence of the social basis.Knowledge of the social basis for the rites and cultural explanations for them can help draw a complete picture of the rites and show the social rules for people＇s survival and their cultural connotations.