自我控制与服从统治--论柏拉图《理想国》中的节制

Self-restraint and Obedience to Rule--On Plato's Temperance in The Republic

节制在柏拉图德性论乃至其全部哲学中都非常重要,但这个问题至今未引起学术界的足够重视。柏拉图《理想国》中节制的重要功能在于导向美好的秩序。节制主要是通过其中"自我控制"和"服从统治"这两个相辅相成的方面,使个人灵魂、城邦达到和谐。柏拉图在其众多对话中都讨论过节制之德,而《理想国》中的节制学说则是其中最著名、最系统的总结,它主要包括护卫者的节制、"四主德"体系中的节制和哲学家的节制等方面。所有这些方面都是在"政治哲学与美好生活"的框架内展开的。柏拉图的节制学说对我们当下的现实生活仍有深刻的启发意义。

Abstrat：Temperance is important in Plato＇s theory of virtue and even in all of his philosophy,but it has not received enough attention from the academia.In The Republic,temperance mainly performs the function of leading to good order.It brings individual souls and the city state to harmony mainly through the mutually complementary＂self-restraint＂and＂obedience to rule＂.Plato discusses the virtue of temperance in many of his dialogues,but he makes the most well-known and systematic summary of temperance in The Republic.He discusses temperance of the guardians,temperance in the Four Cardinal Virtues and temperance of the philosophers.As all of the discussion is carried out within the framework of＂political philosophy and the good life＂,Plato＇s theory of temperance still provides revealing insight into contemporary life.