江苏常规粳型超级稻的遗传背景与产量结构分析

Genetic Basis and Yield Components Analysis of Super Conventional Japonica Rice Bred in Jiangsu

【目的】本文分析了江淮稻区常规粳稻超级稻的遗传背景与产量结构。【方法】利用41对SSR标记和4个重要产量性状的基因内标记对江苏历年选育的常规粳型超级稻品种的遗传结构进行分析,并测定主要产量性状。【结果】武运粳7号(及其衍生系)是江苏粳稻高产(超高产)育种的骨干亲本,江苏高产品种间的遗传背景较为狭窄;产量构成方面:穗数是制约江苏常规粳稻单产的首要因素,半矮秆(株高在100~105 cm左右)、直立或半直立穗(含dep1基因型)、单位面积有效穗数较高(大于310万穗/hm^2)、中等单穗籽粒数(120~140粒)、中等偏上千粒重(约26~27 g)的株型模式是江苏稻区粳稻品种经典的高产模式。【结论】本研究结果对选育江淮稻区高产潜力粳稻品种的途径及育种目标具有启示作用。

【 Objective】 In this paper, the genetic basis and yield structure of super japonica rice variety （SJR） planted in Yangtze-huai river area were studied.【 Method】41 SSR markers and 4 gene tagged markers associated with yield traits were employed to analyze the genetic ba-sis of the 16 SJR varieties, and their agronomic traits correlation with yield were measured. [ResultJPedigreeanalysisshowedthatWuyim- jing7 （or its derived lines） was the backbone parent in the super high yield breeding in Jiangsu, and the genetic backgrounds among the high yield varieties in Jiangsu were narrow. Yield components with the characteristic of semi-dwarf （plant height in 100 - 105 cm） , higher effec-tive panicle number （ more than 3. 10 million per hm2 ） , erect or semi-erect panicle type, mid-grain number per panicle （120 - 140 per pan-icle） and thousand grain weight range from 26 to 27g was the elite model, and the panicle number was the key restriction factor in higher yield breeding for conventional rice in Jiangsu. [Conclusion] Results in this study show enlightenment on the way and target ofbreeding high yield potential rice in Yangtze-huai river area.