不同时期绿豆与甘蔗套种及秸秆还田模式研究

Study on Mung Bean and Sugarcane Intercropping System of Different Periods and Modes of Mung Bean Straw Returning

【目的】通过探讨甘蔗/绿豆套种模式及绿豆秸秆还田的肥力效应,寻求最佳绿豆播种、秸秆还田期。【方法】开展大田试验,采用二因素裂区设计,研究不同处理对甘蔗农艺性状、产量及品质的影响。【结果】套种(甘蔗播种期播种绿豆+绿豆结荚期还田)处理的绿豆干物质、氮磷钾养分累积量最高;绿豆秸秆还田后,初期秸秆表面覆盖处理和深埋处理的氮、磷、钾养分降解率基本相同,后期表面覆盖处理的降解率高于深埋处理;套种绿豆对甘蔗出苗、分蘖有一定负面影响,且套种时间越早影响越大;套种绿豆各处理的绿豆秸秆在任何时期还田都可提高甘蔗株高、茎径、单茎重,甘蔗播种期播种绿豆+绿豆结荚期还田处理的甘蔗产量最高并显著高于其他处理,套种绿豆对蔗糖锤度无显著影响。【结论】甘蔗套种绿豆和绿豆秸秆还田可提高土壤肥力和甘蔗产量,且对蔗糖锤度无显著影响,以甘蔗播种期播种绿豆和绿豆结荚期进行表面覆盖还田处理效果最佳。

【Objective 】To discover the optimum mung bean interplanting and straw returning time, the fertility effects of sugarcane/mung bean intercropping mode and mung bean straw returning were studied.【Method】A field experiment designed with split plot of 2 factors was conducted aiming at revealing the effect of different treatments on agricultural characters, yield, and quality of sugarcane.【Result】 Results showed that highest dry matter and N, P, K nutrient accumulation were showed in treatment of intercropping（ sowing mung bean in sowing time of sugarcane ＋ returning mung bean straw in fruiting period）. After mung bean straw returning, the degradation rates of nitrogen, phos-phorus ,potassium were basically the same between the mode of straw aboveground covering in early period and the mode of straw under-ground covering. But the degradation rate between these two modes reversed in later period. Intercropping of sugarcane and mung bean brought about some negative effects on sugarcane emergence and tillering, the earlier the mung bean intercropped, the greater the negative effects. Height, cane diameter and single stem weight can be promoted by mung bean interplanting and its straw returning. The treatment of intercropping（ sowing mung bean in sowing time of sugarcane ＋ returning mung bean straw in fruiting period） presented highest cane produc-tion which was obviously higher than other treatment. There are no notorious differences of sugar brix in sugarcane juice between treatmentsof intercropping and nonintercropping. 【Conclusion 】Intercropping of sugarcane and mung bean should be vigorously promoted. It can promote soil fertility and sugarcane production without reducing sugar content. The best treatment is to in-tercrop mung bean in sowing time of sugarcane and return mung bean straw with aboveground covering mode in fruiting period of mung bean.