蜜蜂授粉与人工授粉对温室草莓生长动态及品质的影响

Effects of Pollination by Apis mellifera and by Hand on Strawberries Fruit Development and Quality under Greenhouse Conditions

【目的】研究蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉对温室草莓生长动态及果实品质的影响,为规范草莓蜜蜂授粉管理措施和提高草莓果实品质提供参考依据。【方法】设置蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉区域,观测草莓果实纵、横径生长动态,落果波相及座果率,测定可溶性固形物、Vc、总糖和总酸等营养指标含量。蜜蜂授粉区域草莓果实果径整个生长发育过程的生长速度均显著高于人工授粉区域(P<0.05,下同)。【结果】2种授粉模式草莓坐果阶段的第1、3次落果期落果率差异不显著(P>0.05,下同),第2次落果期蜜蜂授粉区域草莓果实的落果率显著低于人工授粉区域。除总酸含量外,总糖含量、糖酸比、Vc含量、可溶性固形物含量及畸形果率均以蜜蜂授粉区域果实的品质显著优于人工授粉区域。【结论】蜜蜂授粉可改善设施草莓果实品质,提高产量,是一项安全有效的温室配套技术,可在温室草莓种植中推广应用。

【 Objective】 Effects of pollination by ra and by hand on strawberries fruit development and quality under greenhouse conditions were studied to regulate honeybee pollination management and improve quality of strawberry in greenhouse.【 Method】 The experi-ment areas of pollination by the two different pollination ways, Apis mellifera pollination and artificial pollination were set,fruit vertical and horizontal diameter growth dynamic condition, and fruit drop rate of strawberry were observed. Content of soluble solid, vitamin C, sugar, acid were measured. The results showed that the diameter growth rate of strawberry fruit pollinated by A. mellifera was significantly higher （P 〈 0. 05） than that of strawberry fruit pollinated by hand.【 Result】 There was a total of three fruit drop periods after strawberries began to fruit. Fruit drop rate between these two different pollination ways was not significantly different in the first period and the third period. But it ways was significantly different （P 〈0. 05） in the second period. This rate was significantly lower by pollinated by honeybees than that by hand. Strawberry fruit quality pollinated by A. mellifera was significantly better than that of strawberry fruit pollinated by hand. This was the same with the sugar content, sugar/acid, Vc content, soluble solid content, malformed fruit rate except for acid content.【Conclusion 】 Pollina-tion by 4. mellifera can increase production and improve quality of strawberry in greenhouse, which is a safe and effective technique of greenhouse and can be applied in the greenhouse strawberry planting.