微喷带长宽对不同区段麦田水分和小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响

Effects of micro-sprinkling hose length and width on wheat field water condition and flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in different sampling districts

2014—2015和2015—2016年小麦生长季,设置微喷带长宽组合处理:带宽65 mm下设置带长60 m(T_1)、80 m(T_2)和100 m(T_3)处理,带宽80 mm下设置带长60 m(T_4)、80 m(T_5)和100 m(T_6)处理,研究不同组合对麦畦各区段(沿微喷带铺设方向分为D_1至D_6)水分和旗叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:拔节期灌溉,带宽65 mm下喷洒均匀系数为T_1>T_2、T_3,带宽80 mm下为T_4、T_5>T_6;开花期灌溉,带宽65 mm下为T_1>T_2>T_3,带宽80 mm下为T_4>T_5>T_6.65 mm带宽下,T_1开花期灌溉后各区段0~40 cm土层平均土壤相对含水量,以及花后20和30 d旗叶实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、电子传递效率(ET_R)和籽粒产量均无显著差异;T_2为D_1、D_2>D_3>D_4>D_5;T_3为D_1、D_2>D_3>D_4>D_5、D_6.各区段花后20和30 d旗叶Φ_(PSⅡ)、NPQ、ET_R以及成熟期各区段干物质积累量为T_1>T_2、T_3.80 mm带宽下,T_4开花期灌溉后各区段0~40 cm土层平均土壤相对含水量,以及花后20和30 d旗叶ΦPSII、NPQ、ET_R和籽粒产量无显著差异,T_5为D_1、D_2、D_3>D_4、D_5;T_6为D_1、D_2、D_3>D_4>D_5>D_6.各区段花后20和30 d旗叶Φ_(PSⅡ)、NPQ、ET_R以及成熟期各区段干物质积累量为T_4、T_5>T_6.籽粒产量和水分利用效率为T_1、T_4、T_5>T_2、T_3、T_6,灌溉效益T_1、T_4优于T_5处理.本试验条件下,带宽65 mm下T_1和带宽80 mm下T_4为节水高产的最优处理,T_5为较优处理.

A two-year field experiment was conducted in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 wheat growing seasons to study the effects of micro-sprinkling hose length and width on field water condition,and flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in different sampling districts（ D1 to D6 along with the hose laying direction）. Six micro-sprinkling hose treatments were set： 60 m（ T1）,80 m（ T2）and 100 m（ T3） lengths under 65 mm width; 60 m（ T4）,80 m（ T5） and 100 m（ T6） lengths under 80 mm width. The results showed that after irrigation at jointing,the Christiansen uniformity coefficient（ Cu） of T1 was significantly higher than T2 and T3 under 65 mm hose width. Under 80 mm hose width,T4 and T5 had the highest Cucompared to T6. After irrigation at anthesis,the Cushowed T1〉T2〉T3 under 65 mm hose width,and T4〉T5〉T6 under 80 mm hose width. Under 65 mm hose width,the average relative soil water content of 0-40 cm soil layers after irrigation at anthesis,flag leaf Φ（PSⅡ）,NPQ and ETR at 20 and 30 d after anthesis and the grain yield of different sampling district did not differ in T1; T2 showed the order of D1,D2D3D4D5; T3 showed D1,D2D3D4D5,D6. The average Φ（PSⅡ）,NPQ and ETR at 20 and 30 d after anthesis,and the average dry matter at maturity of different sampling districts were presented as T1T2,T3. Under 85 mm hose width,no significant differences were observed in the average relative soil water content of 0-40 cm soil layers after irrigation at ahthesis,flag leaf Φ（PSⅡ）,NPQ and ETR at 20 and 30 d after anthesis and the grain yield of different sampling districts in T4; in T5,the indexes mentioned above in D1,D2 and D3 sampling districts were significantly higher than those in D4 and D5; in T6,the decreasing order was D1,D2,D3〉D4〉D5〉T6. The average ΦPSII,NPQ and ETR at 20 and 30 d after anthesis,and the average dry matter at maturity of different districts showed the order of T4,T5〉T6. The ave-rage grain yield and water use efficiency of T1,T4 and T5 were significantly higher than those in T2,T3 and T6,T1 and T4 had a better irrigation benefit than T5. Under this experimental condition,T1 treatment under 65 mm hose width,T4 treatment under 80 mm hose width were the most recommendable treatments considering high yield and water saving,and T5 treatment was also recommendable under 80 mm hose width.