齿轮齿廓总偏差视觉测量方法研究

Research of the Visual Measurement Method of Gear Tooth Profile Total Deviation

针对中小模数齿轮高速、高精度测量困难的问题,提出一种基于机器视觉的齿轮齿廓总偏差测量方法。在构建视觉测量系统的基础上,对于获取的齿轮数字图像进行高斯滤波、边缘提取等处理,得到齿轮齿廓的亚像素边缘。由于齿轮中心位置对齿廓总偏差的影响较为敏感,则通过半径约束的方法拟合标定圆盘中的圆孔中心数据,得到较为准确的齿轮中心位置。最后根据建立的数学模型实现齿廓总偏差的测量。通过实验可知,该测量方法与三坐标测量法得到的测量结果具有较高一致性,最大绝对误差不超过3μm,且齿轮中心位置误差对齿廓总偏差的影响为其误差值的1/4。实验结果说明,采用该测量方法进行测量时,可以准确反映齿轮的齿廓总偏差,满足测量精度达到微米级的要求。

Aiming at the measuring difficulty of small modulus gear,a measuring method of gear tooth profile total deviation based on machine vision is proposed. On the basis of building measurement vision system,firstly,processing gear digital image with Gaussian filter and edge extraction,then the sub-pixel edge of gear tooth profile is obtained. Because the influence of gear center to tooth profile total deviation is relatively sensitive,by means of radius constraint data to fit round hole center in calibration disc,more accurate center position is obtained. Finally,on the basis of establishing mathematical model to realize tooth profile total deviation measurement. Through the experiment,the measurement result of measuring method and three coordinate measuring machine have higher consistency,the maximum absolute error is less than 3 μm,and the effect of gear position center error on the tooth profile total deviation is one quarter of its error value. The experimental results show that adopting measuring method can accurately reflect the gear tooth profile total deviation,and meeting the requirements of measurement precision reach micron level.