试析东京非洲发展国际会议进程中安全议题的演变

The Evolvement of Security Issues in the Course of TICAD

东京非洲发展国际会议是一个日本主导下的以促进非洲发展为宗旨的全球性多边机制,与发展相关的安全议题在该大会议程中占据相当比重。从冲突预防、巩固和平等对涉及国内冲突问题的应对,到加强反恐、海上安全、跨国犯罪等非传统安全领域的合作,大会发展进程中的安全议题不断被完善和拓展,由此改变了该机制单纯的发展援助属性。在对安全议题的调整过程中,日本以自身利益诉求为导向,以资金和技术为手段,牢牢控制着主导权,并试图将其作为推进国家外交安全战略的工具。当然,随着非洲整体实力增强以及在大国博弈中战略价值的提升,如果日本无法在本国利益与非洲利益之间取得平衡,这一多边机制持续发展的生命力将会被削弱。

TICAD （Tokyo International Conference on African Development） is a global multilateral mechanism led by Japan with the aim of promoting Africa＇s development. Since peace is the precondition for development, security-related issues have occupied a large proportion of the agenda of the conferences. From the reaction to the domestic conflict matters such as conflict prevention and peace consolidation to the cooperation of non-traditional security areas such as counterterrorism, maritime security and transnational crime, the security-related issues have been constantly expanded and matured along the progression of the conferences. Thus, the simple attribute of this mechanism, the development assistance, has been changed. In the adjustment to the security-related issues, the interests-oriented Japan with the means of capital and techniques has had the dominant right in its hands in an attempt to make it a tool for promoting its national diplomatic security strategies. True, with the development of African＇s overall strength and the enhancement of its strategic significance among the superpower competition, if Japan did not strike a balance between the interests of African and its own, the sustainability of this multilateral mechanism would be diluted.