印度劳动法改革及其争议

Indian Labor Reform and its Controversies

1991年以来,劳动制度改革一直被认为是促进印度制造业发展的关键。当前印度劳动制度改革的内容主要涉及四部法律。在改革的目标上,一派观点认为重点和方向是放松管制,赋予企业更具弹性的雇佣权;另一派认为重点应该是通过扩大全面的社会保障体系来降低工人应对雇佣灵活性的风险。印度劳动法改革的困难首先是因为劳动力市场的分化导致政府、工人和学术界在改革的方向和重点上存在明显的认识差异,难以取得政策共识。从国际经验的比较来看,如果不同时进行扩大就业机会、改善就业质量的经济改革,印度劳动力市场改革的效果会受限。短期内,印度劳动力制度改革难以有重大进展,但其联邦制结构使得这项改革能在地方开展试验。

Since 1991, labor reform has been regarded as vital to Indian manufacture The controversies involve four main labor acts. While most reform supporters argue that the key of reform is to loosen regulation and let the employers have more flexibility of hire and fire, the others argue that the reform should be focused on how to expand comprehensive social welfare system to reduce the workers＇ risks of vulnerability in employment market. Now the main obstacle of reform is the lack of consensus on how to reform between government, scholars and workers and their unions because of labor market differentiation. At the same time, the reform will not succeed without proper economic reform which aims to produce more good jobs.