全球化转型视野下的跨国公司与全球治理

Transnational Corporation and Global governance ——From a Perspective of Transformation of Globalization

自2008年金融危机爆发以来,"逆全球化"的声音就不绝于耳。本文认为,全球化进程并没有逆转,而是面临转型。实际上,跨国公司嵌入式的全球价值链与全球的供应链系统具有阻止全球化逆转的棘轮效应。随着全球价值链的不断拓展,跨国公司的生产已离不开世界各地的要素禀赋,对他国的依赖程度也不断加深。与此同时,对于跨国公司而言,由于其全球供应链遍布全球每一个角落,极易受到各种传统和非传统风险的威胁。这些威胁恰好属于全球治理所涉及的领域。在全球化转型时期,随着公司间联系日益密切、资金日益充足,以及其它非营利组织的不断涌现,跨国公司已在全球很多地区逐渐发挥了"影子政权"的功能,即为公众提供本应由政府提供的公共产品。在为一系列国际公共产品提供融资方面,跨国公司与部分国际组织管理的信托基金已被证明是有效的。从理论上讲,自愿融资的激励会产生某种类似俱乐部的结构,可以促使跨国公司通过提供这类公共产品的方式参与全球治理。

Since the financial crisis of 2008, the discussion of reverse globalization has become fiercer. This article insists that globalization is just facing a process of transformation, since global value chains and global supply chains can play a role of ratchet effect. As the global value chains is expanding, the production of transnational corporations has been dependent on the endowment of the elements around the world. At the same time, it is extremely vulnerable to all kinds of traditional and non-traditional risks that belong to the realm of global governance. In the transition period of globalization, transnational corporations have developed the ＂Shadow power＂ function in many parts of the world and provided international public goods. In financing for a range of International public goods, transnational corporations has been proved to be effective. In principle, the incentive for voluntary financing can produce some sort of club structure which could prompt transnational corporations to participate in global governance through the provision of international public goods.