迁移类型、户籍身份与工资收入水平

MIGRATION TYPES,HOUSEHOLD REGISTER IDENTITY,AND WAGE INCOME

本文基于2013年中国居民收入调查数据(CHIP),考察各类迁移对工资收入水平的影响。OLS及PSM估计结果均表明各类迁移有利于工资收入水平的提升;采用局部工具变量法进行稳健性检验,发现本文的研究结论依然成立。分迁移范围来看,市外迁移的平均收入增长效应大于市内迁移的平均收入增长效应;分户籍类型来看,农村户籍迁移的平均收入增长效应大于城市户籍的平均收入增长效应。综合比较各种迁移类型的收入增长效应,由强至弱可以将其排列为:永久移民市外迁移、农村户籍市外迁移、本地居民市外迁移、城市户籍市外迁移、农村户籍市内迁移、城市户籍市内迁移、本地居民市内迁移、永久移民市内迁移。城市化的核心在于满足居民的自由迁移意愿,从本文的研究结论来看,鼓励就近城市化而妨碍人口跨区域流动的城市化模式尚未得到收入增长激励的支撑。在推动户籍制度改革及公共服务均等化的同时,应注重建立全国统一的要素市场,进一步完善城市的空间结构体系。

Based on Chinese residents＇ income survey data in 2013 （CHIP）, this paper studies the va- rious types of migration on wage income levels. OLS and PSM estimation results show that all types of migration are conducive to enhancing the level of wage income. Using local instrumental variable method, it is found that the conclusions of this study are still valid. In migration range perspective, the average in- come growth effect outside the city migration greater than the average city income growth effects of migration. Sub-type of household registration, the average income growth of rural household registration migra- tion effect is greater than the average income growth effects of urban household registration. Revenue growth effect a comprehensive comparison of various types of migrations. It could be arranged from strong to weak as follows： rural household population outside the city migration, the migration of local residents outside thecity, outside the urban household population migration city, outside the city of permanent im- migration migration, rural household population city migration, permanent migration of immigrants in the city, the city＇s urban household population migration, migration of local residents in the city. Urbanization core is to meet residents＇ freedom of movement. From the conclusions of this study, the nearest encourage urbanization and population hinder cross-regional flow model of urbanization, income growth has not yet been energized support. In promoting reform of the household registration system and the equalization of public services at the same time, we should pay attention to establish a unified national factor market and well-structured system of urban space.