广州消费者食品包装材料安全使用及影响因素

Safe utilization of food packaging material and its influence factors among consumers in Guangzhou city

目的了解广东省广州市消费者食品包装材料的安全使用情况及其影响因素。方法于2015年3月对广州市1 154名消费者进行匿名自编问卷调查,使用SPSS 19.0软件进行分析。结果食品包装材料安全使用满分21分,调查对象得分为4~19分,P25=8,P50=10,P75=12,仅有19.3%消费者得分≥13分;能完全或基本使用食品专用材料、微波加热适宜材料、能了解材料的特性进行合理再利用比例分别为32.6%、53.9%、21.6%;不同性别(Z=-3.279,P=0.001)、年龄(χ~2=50.593,P=0.000)、学历(χ~2=42.093,P=0.000)、家庭人均月收入(χ~2=110.864,P=0.000)消费者得分差异有统计学意义。安全操作得分与消费者对食品包装材料安全的关注度(r=0.429,P=0.000)、对食品包装材质使用要求的了解程度(r=0.358,P=0.000)、对食品包装相关知识知晓度(r=0.190,P=0.000)及对食品包装材料信息收集意识(r=0.273,P=0.000)成正相关。logistic回归结果表明,上述8个因素中除学历外,其他7个因素均进入模型(P≤0.05)。结论消费者在食品包装材料使用中,普遍存在随意性和不安全行为,迫切需要多途径加强宣教,普及食品包装材料安全使用知识,使消费者能正确使用各类包装材料。

Objective To investigate behaviors of safe utilization of food packaging material and its influence factors among consumers in Guangzhou city. Methods A anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 300 consumers recruited in 25 supermarkets located in 5 districts of Guangzhou city. SPSS 19. 0 was used in data analysis.Results For the 1 154 participants with valid information,the scores of safe utilization of food packaging material ranged between 4 and 19 on a scale of 21 as the maximum and the scores at 25%,50%,and 75% quantile were 8,10,and 12,with only 19. 3% of the participants had the scores of 13 or above. The proportions of the participants with basic or adequate knowledge about using materials specific for food packaging,suitable materials for heating with microwave oven,and reasonable reuse of food packaging materials based on their characteristics were 32. 6%,53. 9%,and 21. 6%,respectively. The scores of the participants significantly differed by gender（Z =-3. 279,P = 0. 001）,age（χ^2 = 50. 593,P〈0. 001）,education（χ^2 = 42. 093,P〈0. 001）,and familial income（χ^2 = 110. 864,P〈0. 001）. There were positive correlations between the score and the concern about the safety of food packaging material（r = 0. 429）,the knowledge level about the requirement on the characteristics of material used for food packaging（r = 0. 358）,the knowledge level about food packaging（r = 0. 190）,and the intension to acquire information on food packaging material（r = 0. 273）（P〈0. 001 for all）. All the variables were of significance when included in the multivariate logistic regression equation（all P〈0. 05）,except for education. Conclusion Discretionary and unsafe utilization of food packaging material are prevalent among consumers in Guangzhou city,suggesting that education on safety utilization of food packaging material in daily life needs to be strengthened in the population.