中国农村老年人失能状况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and impact factors of disability among elderly people in rural China

目的了解中国农村老年人失能状况并分析失能影响因素。方法以2013年CHARLS调查所获得的数据为基础,对中国≥60岁农村户籍老年人的失能状况进行分析,利用Katz指数量表评价农村老年人日常生活自理能力(ADL),判断其失能状况;应用logistic回归模型对失能影响因素进行多因素分析。结果本研究从CHARLS 2013数据库中选取≥60岁农村老年人样本,共7 629人,其中失能农村老年人668人,失能率为8.8%;洗澡的失能率最高5.8%,吃饭的失能率最低1.2%。多因素分析结果显示,≥80岁(OR=4.186,95%CI=3.364~5.210)、低经济收入(OR=2.689,95%CI=1.832~3.947)、患有≥3种慢性病(OR=2.301,95%CI=1.827~2.897)、睡眠状况较差(OR=1.727,95%CI=1.384~2.155)、心理健康状况较差(OR=2.511,95%CI=1.962~3.214)的农村老年人失能风险较高;每月饮酒超过1次对农村老年人失能具有保护作用(OR=0.530,95%CI=0.417~0.675)。结论中国农村老年人失能率较高,应针对高危人群开展防控措施。

Objective To reveal features of disability and its impact factors among the elderly in rural China.Methods The data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（CHARLS） collected in 2013 were used and the data on the elderly of 60 years and older in rural China were analyzed. The activity of daily living（ADL） and the disability of the rural elderly were assessed with Katz Index Scale. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of disability. Results Valid information for a total of 7 629 rural elderly were extracted from the datasets of CHARLS and668 of them were identified as disability and the disability prevalence was 8. 8%. The highest observed prevalence rate of disability（5. 8%） was for bathing activity and the lowest（1. 2%） was for eating activity. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that main risk factors for disability were aged ≥80 years（odds ratio[OR]= 4. 186,95% confidence interval[CI]：3. 364-5. 210）,low income（OR = 2. 689,95% CI：1. 832-3. 947）,suffering from 3 or more chronic diseases（OR = 2. 301,95% CI：1. 827-2. 897）,poor sleeping quality（OR = 1. 727,95% CI：1. 384-2. 155）,and poor mental health（OR = 2. 511,95% CI：1. 962-3. 214）and a protective factor was drinking alcohol once or more per month（OR = 0. 530,95% CI：0,417-0. 675） among the elderly. Conclusion The prevalence of disability was high among rural elderly in China and intervention measures should be promoted among the population.