好氧微生物处理模拟尿液废水驯化实验研究

Acclimation Study of Aerobic Process for Ersatz Urine Wastewater Microbial Treatment

目的针对再生式生命保障系统中尿液废水处理与回用的需求,初步建立用于尿液废水处理的好氧微生物工艺系统。方法设计并构建序批式好氧微生物处理试验系统,进行驯化实验,考察有机碳(TOC)和有机氮的转化过程。结果 86 d的驯化运行试验表明,系统中TOC降解、有机氮的氨化以及硝化等性能均在23 d内达到最佳水平,且系统对短期供氧故障具有良好的自我恢复能力;稳定运行期TOC的降解过程在3 h之内完成,出水TOC稳定低于10 mg/L,有机氮的氨化过程以及硝化过程持续进行至9 h;系统平均TOC去除率97.3%,平均有机氮氨化率96.5%,平均硝化率59.8%。结论构建好氧系统能较好地完成对1∶10浓度模拟尿液废水的驯化处理,所得结果可为尿液废水微生物处理系统好氧单元的设计提供依据。

Objective To develop an eco-friendly and resource recyclable microbial method for the treatment of urine wastewater generated in the manned space mission, and explore the law of element transformation in the urine aerobic process. Methods A sequencing batch reactor （SBR） was designed to cultivate the aerobic mi- croorganism for the urine wastewater treatment system, and the transform of nitrogen and the degradation of or- ganic carbon （TOC） was studied. Results 86 d of acclimation operation showed that the performance of TOC degradation, ammonification and nitrification reached the highest level on the 23th d and the aerobic system could quickly recover from short-term fault of oxygen providing. The TOC degradation process during normal operation was within 3 h with stable effluent concentration （below 10 mg/L）, while the ammonification and nitrification process lasted for 9 h. The average TOC, ammonifieation and nitrification removal ratios of the system were 97.3%, 96.5% and 59.8% respectively. Conclusion The developed aerobic system could be rapidly acclimatized to the 1：10 strength urine wastewater treatment. It provides a reference for the design of the aerobic process unit in the urine wastewater microbial treatment system.