后金以来辽宁地区满族建筑的采光防寒特征研究——基于寒地人居环境的分析

On the Characteristics of Lighting and Cold Proof of Manchu Buildings in Liaoning Area Based on the Analysis of Human Settlement in Cold Area

历史时期我国东北辽宁地区的气候更为寒冷,将历史地理研究中气候变化的数据与历史文献的记载和描述相结合,可知清代辽宁地区气温较今偏低。当地满族居民为了适应这种气候条件往往在建筑上应用一些防寒保暖措施。其建筑外墙则使用宽厚的方砖修筑,起到了隔挡冷气、保障室温的作用。在院落布局上满族住宅有着宽大的场院,保证了阳光照射充足。清代以前满族封建地主、贵族的居室往往选建在地势较高的坡地;满清时期的宫廷建筑则发展应用了具有多用途的采暖系统;近代以来,随着西方保温、采暖等材料的输入,其被逐渐应用于满族建筑当中。满族建筑的这些特征直至今日仍有所保留和反映。

China＇s northeast Liaoning area in history of climate is more cold, the records and description data and historical climate change historical geography research in combination,found in Liaoning in Qing Dynasty from the low temperature. The local residents of Manchu in order to adapt to the climate conditions often in the construction of some weatherization measures. The exterior use generous brick building to block effect, air conditioning, security room. In the courtyard layout of Manchu residential with spacious yard, to ensure adequate sunlight. Before the Qing Dynasty Manchu aristocratic feudal landlord, room often built in higher slope; the Qing Dynasty palace architecture is the development and application of the heating system with multi purposes; in modem times, with the thermal insulation heating material input, it has been gradually applied in the construction of？manchu. The characteristics of Manchu architecture until today is still reserved and reflect.