湟水上游农户对自然灾害的感知及响应

Huangshui River upstream farmers' perception and response to natural disasters

随着全球气候变暖,自然灾害发生的频率和强度也在日益加强,对农业生产造成了极大危害.湟水流域是青海省主要的农牧交错区,农业发展历史悠久,河谷地区是主要的农业生产区.本文选择湟水上游3个不同海拔高度的自然村对其农户进行了调查,通过对340份问卷进行分析发现:(1)冰雹、干旱、虫灾、低温冷害等四种灾害是湟水谷地上游农户感知到的近十年以来发生最频繁的自然灾害.虫灾是农户感知最为强烈的以往不常见的灾种.(2)在湟水上游,随着海拔的升高,农业生产受自然灾害的影响程度增大.(3)农户为了防灾而做出更换作物品种而做出的选择在空间上呈现出:距离城镇越近,不假思索直接采用的比例越高;距离城镇越远,在选择上表现出较为谨慎和保守.

With the global warming, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters gradually increase, which negatively impacts the agricultural production. As a farming-pastoral region having long history, the Huangshui River valley is the main agricultural production area in Qinghai province. In the present paper, three natural villages with different altitude in the upstream region of Huangshui River were selected to investigate the farmers＇ perception and response to natural disasters. The analysis results of the 340 questionnaires show that the major natural disasters happened frequently in the past ten years were hail, drought, insect plague, and chilling injury, etc. The insect plague is a not common disaster in the past to which the farmers strongest perceive. In the upstream region of Huangshui River, the impact of natural disasters on the agricultural production increases with the increase of altitude. The farmers choices on the crop varieties replacement to prevent disaster show： the closer to the town, the replacement is more direct ly and quickly the farther away from the town, the replacement is more cautious and conservative.