同种异体骨材料及其在拔牙位点保存中的应用

Allogeneic bone material and its application in the extraction site preservation

创伤、感染等因素常可造成牙槽骨不同程度、不同形状的骨缺损,对患者的外形美观以及健康造成影响。为了重建患者骨缺损区形态及功能,常需要对缺损处进行骨移植。自体骨移植作为骨缺损区植骨的"金标准",其优点已被临床医生所熟知,但其有来源受限、易造成"二次创伤"的缺点。同种异体骨因来源丰富、可满足不同形态的骨缺损等优点,被广泛地应用于骨科的脊柱融合治疗、口腔的拔牙位点保存等。该文将就同种异体骨的制备、生物学基础及其在口腔拔牙位点保存中的应用做一综述。

Trauma,infection and other factors often result in varying degrees or shapes of the bone defect of alveolar bone,which have an effect on the patient＇s appearance and health. In order to reconstruct the morphology and function of the bone defects,bone grafting is often ruquired. Autogenous bone graft is seen as a ＂gold standard＂in bone defect,and its advantages have been known to clinicians,but its source is limited,and can easily lead to＂secondary trauma＂of the body. Allogeneic bone,which has a rich source and can meet different forms of bone defects,has become the second choice,and is increasingly used in the spinal fusion of orthopedics and extraction site preservation of oral cavity. This article will make a review of the preparation,biological basis of allogeneic bone and its application in extraction site preservation.