清代圆明园轮班奏事及御园理政的合法性困境

The Rotation of Administration to the Old Summer Palace and the Dilemma of Administrative Legitimacy in the Qing dynasty

圆明园作为与紫禁城并存的清代国家政务中心,其兴建和运转不仅耗费了大量财物,而且改变了旧有的以紫禁城为中心的权力配置格局,同时也直接影响到清朝中央政治的运作模式。御园理政的运转依靠的是制度成本和经济资源的支撑,但自雍正朝伊始,对皇帝在御园理政合法性的质疑,就从来没有停止过,延至"四方多难"的咸丰朝,大臣们甚至开始公开反对。直到咸丰十年英法联军劫掠京西园庭,御园理政才随着圆明园的破败而戛然终止。

The coexist of government administration centers in the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace not only wasted a large amount of resources, but also changed the old structure of centralized power in the Forbidden City and directly influenced the Qing＇ s mode of operation. The rotation of administrative centers relied on institutional and economic capital but from the beginning of the Yongzheng reign, the locus of imperial power in the Summer Palace raised unprecedented questions of legitimacy among officials that persisted until the Xianfeng reign, a period replete with domestic trouble and foreign invasion. After the British and French forces invaded Beijing, and looted the Summer Palace in the tenth year of the Xianfeng, the Summer Palace was no longer used as an administrative center.