《哲学的贫困》对于我们时代的意义

Significance of The Poverty of Philosophy in contemporary times

如何正确地理解《资本论》学说的性质,对于应对当代人类状况所呈现的紧迫的现实课题而言,是一个重要的理论问题。由于马克思的《哲学的贫困》一书实际上是《资本论》的真正导言,重新研读和阐释此书便成了一件意义重大的事情。在当代境况中重读和阐释此书,可以帮助我们的时代去达到一种清醒的自我审视和自我批判。这里根据《哲学的贫困》一书的提示,讨论了当代关于社会平等之理想的乌托邦性质及其在理性形而上学上的根源;讨论了当代经济学理论的本质弱点——范畴抽象方法——及其对资本在现实运动中的感性辩证法的遮蔽;讨论了资本主义经济体系的非自洽性以及当代社会对抗的感性本质(社会权力);讨论了对当代中国市场经济实践应当采用的历史唯物主义的研究方法以及由这个方法所提示的当代中国社会科学的时代使命。

A correct understanding of the implications of Capital has much theoretical significance for humans to meet the urgent challenges in contemporary times. Because Marx＇ s The Poverty of Philosophy is in fact an introduction to Capital, a re-reading and reinterpretation of the former has great significance, and helps promote our self-reflection and self-criticism. Inspired by The Poverty of Philosophy, firstly, this paper discusses the contemporary ideal of social equality, reveals their Utopian essence and its origin in the rational metaphysics ; secondly it discusses the major weakness of the economic theories, i.e. their categorical abstraction, which hides the sensuous dialectics in the actual movement of capital; thirdly it discusses the non-self-contained- ness of the capitalist economic system and the sensuous quality of the social conflict, which could be named as ＂social power＂, lastly it discusses the historical materialist methodology which is applicable for the contemporary Chinese market economy, as well as its enlightenment on the mission of contemporary Chinese social sciences.