《通典》与《政典》渊源考辨

A comparative study of Tongdian and Zhengdian

结合诸家意见来看,杜佑《通典》与刘秩《政典》的关系并非如传统看法那样密切,但也不能忽视《政典》对《通典》的影响,《通典》仍旧是在《政典》基础上扩充和整编的政书。两书的渊源关系主要体现在以下三个方面:第一,杜佑《通典》参酌正史书志,变更了《政典》的六部分类法,将类目扩充为九门;第二,《通典》继承了《政典》的记言特点,拓展了收录"当时群士论议得失"的范围;第三,《通典》内《兵典》《选举典》的部分内容可能直接取自《政典》。需要说明的是,《通典》并非是对《政典》的简单扩充,《政典》尚处于典制体史书的雏形阶段,可能只是分门别类,以记言为主的一部典制资料汇编,而《通典》则是一部以记叙制度沿革为要义,在内容、体例和旨趣上与《政典》迥然有别的全新史著,它的问世标志着典制体史书体裁的最终形成。

A summary of the previous studies on Liu Zhi＇s Zhengdian and Du You＇s Tongdian reveals that the two are not so closely related as expected though the former has some influence on the latter which is more comprehensive. The relationships between the two works find expression mainly in the following three aspects. Firstly, the latter adopts the compilation method of official histories and records, and changes the latter＇s six - category - classification into nine - category - classification. Second- ly, the latter inherits the former＇s recording approach, and collects more of the contemporary intellectuals＇ comments. Thirdly, some parts of the latter like ＂soldiers＂ and ＂elections＂ may be taken directly from the former. It is necessary to point out that the latter is not simply an enlarged edition of the former which is still in the early stage of the historiography of political regula- tions with only a simple classification and a collection of historical data. The latter is a totally new history work and quite different from the former in content, style and theme, which focuses on the narration of the institutional evolution and signals the e- ventual formation of the genre of the historiography of political regulations.