临终患者自主权研究——以境外近期立法为切入

Terminally Ill Patients' Medical Autonomy: Focusing on Latest Legislation beyond China's Mainland

近年来,韩国和美国加州分别通过了关于临终患者自主权的立法。临终患者自主权可分为拒绝维生治疗权和要求死亡权两大类型。拒绝维生治疗权来源于身体不受他人干涉的自由,属于个人的基本权利,大多数法域都予以认可。要求死亡权的实质是要求医生杀人或帮助自杀,违背了"不得杀人"的基本法则,因此仅有个别法域承认其合法性。为应对人口老龄化,我国应当建立由临终关怀与临终患者自主权共同构成的临终医护法律制度。在临终患者自主权的立法模式的选择上,我国的法律制度和司法实践决定了我国不宜采用要求死亡权;相反,我国应当采用拒绝维生治疗权,因为我国具有建立该模式的法律基础与社会基础。

In recent years, Korea and the state of California have passed laws on the medical autonomy of terminally ill patients. The terminally ill patients＇ medical autonomy can be divided into two types： the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment and the right to die. The right to refuse life-sustaining treatment comes from the freedom from interference by others in one＇ s body, which is a fundamental right of the individual and is recognized by most jurisdictions. The essence of the suicide, which violates the basic law of ＂no killing＂ of fight to die. In order to cope with the aging of the right to die is to ask a doctor to kill or to help commit Therefore, only a few jurisdictions recognize the legality population, China should establish the legal system of end- of-life health care, which consists of palliative care and the medical autonomy of terminally ill patients. In the choice of the legislative model of the medical autonomy of terminally ill patients, China＇ s legal system and judicial practice should recognize require that the right to die should not be the fight to refuse life-sustaining treatment establishing this model. adopted by our country. On the contrary, China since our country has the legal and social basis for