国际投资仲裁第三方资助的规制困境与出路——以国际投资仲裁“正当性危机”及其改革为背景

Dilemma and Outlet of Regulation of the Third Party Funding in International Investment Arbitration——in the Context of International Investment Arbitration“Legitimacy Crisis”and its Reform

国际投资仲裁中的第三方资助近年来发展迅猛并形成产业,对国际投资仲裁制度造成重要影响。第三方资助的消极影响包括助长投资者滥诉、影响案件的公正裁决、妨碍争端的有效解决等。但是目前的国际投资仲裁制度无法对其进行有效控制。国际投资仲裁中的第三方资助及其发展和目前国际投资仲裁制度的弊端之间存在紧密联系。第三方资助因为国际投资仲裁存在这些弊端而产生和迅速发展;第三方资助的消极影响又加剧了国际投资仲裁的这些弊端,使其受到更多"正当性"的质疑。现有国际投资仲裁机制的弊端不能消除则第三方资助的危害也无法得到控制。对国际投资仲裁中第三方资助的规制不能就事论事,而必须放在国际投资仲裁"正当性危机"及其改革的大背景下,通过对国际投资仲裁的改革来进行。我国不能盲目肯定和接受第三方资助在国际投资仲裁中的运用,应积极推动国际投资争端解决机制的改革。

The third party funding in international investment arbitration has developed rapidly in recent years and formed an industry,which has a significant impact on the international investment arbitration system. The negative effects of third - party funding include fostering investor litigation, affecting fair decisions of ca- ses, and hindering the effective settlement of disputes. But the current international investment arbitration sys- tem cannot effectively control them. There is a close link between the third party funding in international in- vestment arbitration and its development and the shortcomings of the current international investment arbitration system. Third - party funding emerged and develops rapidly because of these shortcomings of international in- vestment arbitration ; the negative effects of third - party funding have exacerbated these drawbacks of interna- tional investment arbitration, so that it is more ＂legitimately＂ questioned. As long as the drawbacks of the cur- rent international investment arbitration mechanism are not eliminated, the harm of the third party funding can- not be controlled. The regulation of third party funding in international investment arbitration should not be studied in isolation, but in the context of international investment arbitration ＂legitimacy crisis＂ and its reform. It should use the reform of international investment arbitration as a means. China should not blindly affirm or accept the use of third party funding in international investment arbitration, but actively promote the reform of international investment dispute settlement mechanism.