苍耳子综合评价与风险控制措施的探讨

Comprehensive evaluation and risk control measures of Xanthii Fructus

该文通过查阅国内外文献,对苍耳子的功效、古今文献毒性记载及近年来相关毒性实验研究进行系统回顾,初步总结了与苍耳子安全性相关病例临床特点及影响因素,提出苍耳子肝肾损伤是其主要安全风险,神经毒性及心脏毒性临床不良事件亦有报道但目前动物实验研究较少;外用或者内服自采未经炮制的苍耳子导致皮肤反应病例时有发生,严重者引起剥脱皮炎。笔者建议规范临床用药,避免患者轻信偏方使用未经炮制的药材,临床医师严格按照药典推荐用法用量处方,并注重安全信号积累,同时加强毒性物质基础、毒性机制和增效减毒等研究,充分发挥疗效同时减少苍耳子临床不良反应。

By retrieving domestic and foreign literatures, the authors provided a systematic review for effects of Xanthii Fruetus, toxicity recorded in ancient/current literatures and relevant toxicological experience, and summarized clinical characteristics of clinical cases related to Xanthii Fructus and influencing factors. In addition to liver and kidney injuries as the major side effects of Xanthii Fructus, neurotoxicity and cardio-toxicity of Xanthii Fructus were also common clinical adverse events. However, there have been a few animal experimental studies so far. Oral administration and external application with Xanthii Fructus have often caused skin reactions, even such severe cases as exfoliative dermatitis. The authors suggested standardizing the clinical medication, avoiding to use untreated prescriptions and unprocessed herbs, ensuring the effective and safety use of Xanthii Fructus in strict accordance with the recommended dosage and usage in pharmacopeia, paying attention to the accumulation of safety signals, strengthening studies on toxic substance, tox- icity mechanism, and synergy and attenuation effects.