过量碘与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

Excessive iodine and autoimmune thyroid disease

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病是一组以产生自身甲状腺抗体和淋巴细胞浸润甲状腺为特征的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病。过量碘能增加自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发生率，在过量碘的捕获、氧化和有机化过程中，产生过量活性氧，诱导甲状腺细胞凋亡，加速甲状腺球蛋白自身抗原提呈，促进淋巴细胞浸润，影响细胞因子的表达。过量碘是将隐性自身免疫性甲状腺疾病人群诱发为显性的环境危险因素。文中对碘过量与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的关系及其机制进行探讨。

Autoimmune thyroid disease （AITD） is an archetypal organ-specific autoimmnne disorder that is characterized by the production of thyroid autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltration into the thyroid. Excessive iodine can increase the incidence of AITD. During trapping, oxidation and organification of excessive iodine in thyroid cells, excessive reactive oxygen species （ROS） were generated, which induces apoptosis of thyroid cells, accelerates thyroglobulin autoantigen presentation, promotes lymphocytes infiltration and cytokine expression. Excessive iodine is an environmental risk factor which promotes the people with stealth autoimmune thyroid disease to get sick. In this article, we discussed the relationship between excessive iodine and AITD and its mechanism.