驳美国环境经济学家格罗斯曼和格鲁克的“环境倾销”观点——兼论全球化及国际分工之下的环境收益与责任划分不对等的怪圈

Refuting the Argument of “Environment Dumpling” Raised by American Environmental Economists Grossman and Glueck——Also on the Asymmetry between Environmental Benefits and Division of Responsibilities in the Context of Globalization and International Div

发展中国家污染排放量的增加在很大程度上是伴随着发达国家产业转移产生的"环境倾销"所引起。发达国家环境改善的很大原因在于其停止污染密集型产品的生产,并转向从环境保护法不太严格的发展中国家进口这些产品,从而形成污染密集型产业向发展中国家转移趋势,但发达国家又不愿把相关先进技术转让给发展中国家,致使发展中国家环境不断恶化,这就是所谓"环境倾销"问题。但是,美国环境经济学的经典文献却否定"环境倾销"的作用,认为"环境倾销"的影响微不足道。通过对"环境倾销"问题的研究,发现这种"环境倾销"并非微不足道,而是非常严重。从经济理论和经济思想上对"环境倾销"问题加以分析,理清"环境倾销"与排放责任之间的关系,一方面要捍卫学术公正,另一方面,要为中国等发展中国家在国际环境博弈中赢得属于自己的权益。

The Pollutants discharge of the developing nations is to great extent accompanied by ＂environmental dumping＂ from the industrial immigration of the developed nations. The main reason of environmental improvement in the developed nations is that they stop to produce pollution - intensive goods and turn to import the goods from developing nations with less restrictive environmental pro- tection laws so that the pollution - intensive goods are turned to the developing nations to produce. Nevertheless, the developed nations are reluctant to transfer related advance technology to the developing nations so as to make the environment in developing nations be- come worse. This is so - called ＂Environmental Dumping＂. However, the classic literature in American environmental economics holds that ＂the available evidence does not support the hypothesis that cross - country differences in environmental standards are an important determination of the global pattern of international trade. While some ＇ environmental dumping＇ undoubtedly takes place, the volume of such trade is probably too small to account for the reduced pollution that has been observed to accompany episodes of economic growth＂. This article will explain that ＂environment dumping＂ riot only exist, but it is also very serious. We should analyze the prob- lem from the angle of economic theory and economic idea and get clear the relationship between environmental dumping and discharge duties to defend academic justice and meanwhile win rights and interests for the developing nations in the international environmental game.