中国降水的季节性

Seasonality of Precipitation over China

本文使用一套基于中国气象局所属的2416个台站数据所得的高分辨降水资料,对1961~2013年中国降水季节性进行了研究。就全国平均而言,各季节降水占全年降水百分率最高的为夏季(56.5%),春季(19.3%)和秋季(18.9%)次之,冬季(5.3%)最少;针对不同地区,各季节降水百分率存在很大差异,例如华南春季降水最多、东北至高原一线秋季降水大于春季降水。春、夏两季降水百分率高值(低值)区域略呈现出降水百分率减少(增多)趋势,秋季整体上略微减少,冬季则显著增加;季节降水百分率的变率整体表现为夏季大而冬季小,其西部的变率与地形为显著负相关,东部变率的大值区位置随季节变化;秋冬两季的降水百分率变率有显著增加,各季节不同地区变率的变化趋势存在明显差异。

The seasonality of precipitation in China during 1961-2013 was analyzed in this study. The high-resolution precipitation data used here are produced based on observations at 2416 stations in China. Results indicate that the seasonal proportion of precipitation in summer over entire China was the highest（56.5%）, followed by that in spring（19.3%） and autumn（18.9%）, and it was the lowest in winter（5.3%）. Large differences also existed among various areas. For example, spring precipitation is the largest in South China, whereas it is smaller than autumn precipitation over a wide region from Northeast China to the Tibet Plateau. The seasonal proportion of precipitation in summer and spring showed a slight descending trend in high proportion areas, while an opposite trend appeared in low proportion areas. The seasonal proportion of precipitation also demonstrated an insignificant descending trend in autumn and a significant increasing trend in winter. The variability of seasonal proportion of precipitation overall was high in summer and low in winter, and a negative correlation existed between the variability and topography height in western China. The location of larger variability varies with season in eastern China. The variability showed a significant increasing trend in both autumn and winter.There existed significant differences in the trend of variability of seasonal precipitation proportion in different seasons or regions.