正义之前:古典政治德性及其教育——基于亚里士多德的德性伦理学

Before Justice: Classical Political Virtue and Its Education

亚里士多德的德性伦理学是经典诠释与政治哲学研究的重要内容。其中,正义问题的地位举足轻重。从经典诠释角度看,《尼各马可伦理学》与《政治学》中的正义观存在片面解读问题,需要元典解释,以此揭示正义作为政治德性的总体性、属人性与实践性的特征;从政治哲学角度看,亚里士多德的政治德性及其教育与正义观之间的关系存在被割裂的问题,特别是公共性和私人性的划分限制了今人对政治德性的完整理解,该问题可以通过公民政治德性的逻辑诉求、德目内容以及政治性教育的实现等方面的分析而得以重勘。亚里士多德的政治德性论及建构其上的正义观不仅深刻影响了马克思的正义观,而且对今天我国社会主义核心价值观融入社会生活特别是公民教育具有积极意义。

Aristotle's virtue ethics is an important content of classical interpretation and political philosophy research. Among them,the status of justice is very important. From the perspective of classical interpretation,there is a one-sided interpretation of the concept of justice in The Nicomachean Ethics and The Politics. So we need to trace the source to reveal the characteristics of justice as political virtue,like totality,humanity and practicality. From the perspective of political philosophy,the relationship between Aristotle's political virtue and his view of education and justice is fragmented,especially the division of public and private limits our understanding of political virtue. This problem can be understood through the logical appeal of civic political virtue,the content of morality and the realization of political education. In summary,Aristotle's political theory of virtue and the concept of justice have been a profound impact on Marx's concept of justice,and also it is of positive significance to the integration of socialist core values into social life,especially into the civic education.