土壤优化采样策略研究进展

Research Progress of Soil Sampling Strategy Optimization

[目的]对现有的采样方式进行系统地总结归纳,并探寻一种优化的采样策略,对采样强度、分析成本及其研究精度三方面进行均衡,即以最小的经济投入换取最大化的试验精度。[方法]广泛查阅近几年国内外的相关文献,对土壤优化采样策略的设定进行了系统的总结。将优化采样策略的理论分为合理采样数和样点布设两方面,就此分别介绍确定采样数的3种方法和确定样点布设的4种方式,详细介绍其发展现状,并对该领域今后的研究进行展望。[结果]目前的优化采样法大多基于模型来优化采样设计的研究,其初步采样的方式忽略了空间相关性所导致的信息损失,必然在一定程度上造成试验结果的偏差和人力物力的浪费。而且,研究尺度多集中在县级以下,没有对采样方案的设计确立统一的评价体系和标准。[结论]未来优化采样设计在样点优先级方面还应进行更加深入的研究。

[Objective]To systematically summarize the existing sampling methods,and to explore an optimized sampling strategy to balance the sampling intensity,analysis cost and research precision,which was expected to maximize the accuracy of experiments with minimum economic input.[Methods]On the basis of extensive review on the domestic and foreign literatures in recent years,the optimized sampling strategy for soil properties was summarized.The theory of optimal sampling strategy was elucidated in two parts：the reasonable sampling number and the sampling point layout.Three methods and four modes were introduced to determine the reasonable sampling number and sampling points,respectively,and the future research was prospected.[Results]Most of the sampling program design used in current methods was model-based,and of which the spatial correlation of samples was ignored and relevant information was unused,these all were responsible to the deviation of experimental results and wastes of labor and materials to some extent.In addition,most researches were county scale or and/or lower scale,and there was no unified evaluation system or standards to design a formal sampling program.[Conclusion]In the future,the priority for optimal sampling design should be strengthened.