当代埃及国内劳工移民与工业化问题评析

On Internal Migration Workers and Industrialization in Contemporary Egypt

工业化与国内劳工移民密切关联,相互促进。埃及工业化进程的推进,拉动了农村劳工向城市大规模移民。劳工移民在实现部门和地域转移的同时,推动了埃及工业化进程。纳赛尔时期是埃及国内劳工移民的黄金时期,劳工移民数量迅速增长、收入普遍提高、生活水平得到改善。但是,进入20世纪80年代以后,埃及劳工移民的绝对数量增长极其缓慢,国内劳工移民率下降;劳工移民陷入职业地位和财产收入难以提升的困境,向上的社会流动也不断受阻。造成这些问题的原因主要是萨达特和穆巴拉克时期埃及工业化停滞不前和过度城市化,劳工移民教育水平的低下亦是重要诱因。

Industrialization and labor migration have been mutually inter-relative and interpromotive.With the advancement of Egypt's industrialization,rural workers immigrated into the urban on a large scale.While rural workers have achieved the sectoral and regional transfers,they have also promoted the development of industrialization.Nasser period is a gold time for internal migrant workers.During that period,the number of migrant workers increased rapidly,and their incomes and the living conditions were improved.However,the scale of migrant workers has increased very slowly and the internal migration rates have declined since 1980s.They also get in a plight that the income and occupation stratus improve difficultly.Finally,internal migrant workers cannot realize upward social mobility dreams.The setback of industrialization and the over-urbanization in the period of Sadat and Mubarak are the main reasons in the plight of internal migrant workers.The constraint of educational level of internal migrant workers is another important factor.