适用于高羊茅种子生产的芽前和芽后除草剂混剂配制与功效

Preparation and Efficacy of Mixture of Pre-and Post-Emergence Herbicides for Tall Fescue Seed Production

阔叶杂草的危害是显著降低高羊茅(Festuca arundinace)种子产量的主要因子之一,有必要研制对高羊茅种子生产安全和高效的除草剂复配制剂。根据2014-2015年的田间试验结果配制了6种芽前与芽后除草剂的混合制剂。于2015-2016年在上海闵行地区高羊茅种子生产田,以不除草、手工除草、7个单体药剂和1个常用药剂组合共10个处理为对照,对包含6个药剂组合在内的共计16个处理进行了田间试验,鉴定和比较了其治除杂草的功效和对高羊茅种子生产的安全性。试验结果表明,组合4药剂处理的高羊茅籽粒产量最高(604kg/hm^2),显著高于不除草对照(456kg/hm^2)的32%,比手工除草对照(499kg/hm^2)高出21%。其对杂草的治除效果处于中等水平,具有相对株数防效为83%~90%,杀草谱为6种,杂草伤害率为85%。与组合4功效相当值得推广应用的药剂还有组合5和苯磺隆。组合4、组合5和苯磺隆的推广应用将有利于降低高羊茅种子生产的田间杂草管理成本。

The damage of broadleaf weeds is one of the main factors limiting the seed production of tall fescue（Festuca arundinace）. Therefore, it is necessary to develop some safe and effective herbicide combinations for tall rescue seed production. Based on the results from our previous field experiment from 2014 to 2015, six mixed combinations of pre-and post-emergence herbicides were made. Their efficacy in weed control and safety for tall rescue seed production were compared with 10 control treatments including no-weeding, hand-weeding, 7 herbicide monomers and one commonly used herbicide combination in tall rescue seed production field in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2015 to 2016. Results from the latest field experiments showed that the seed yield o{ tall rescue treated with Combination 4 herbicide was the highest（604 kg/hm2）, which was significantly higher than that of no-weeding control（456 kg/hm2）by 32~ and 21~ higher than that of hand-weeding control（499 kg/hm2）. The efficacy of Combination 4 on broad leaf weed prevention was medium with 830//00-900//oo of weed prevention effect, 6 species of herbicide controlling spectrum and 85~ injured weeds rate. Moreover, Combination 5 and tribenuron methyl exhibited similar efficacy to Combination 4 on seed production of tall rescue. The extension and application of Combination 4, Combination 5 and tribenuron methyl would be beneficial to reduce the weed management cost for tall rescue seed production.