19种芽后除草剂对田间杂草的控制和对高羊茅种子生产的影响

Effects of 19 Postemergence Herbicides on Weed Control and Tall Fescue Seed Production under Field Conditions

为了筛选出适合高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb)种子生产田施用的除草剂,于2015年在上海闵行地区进行了田间试验。以手工除草和不除草处理为对照,对常用的和近5年内推出的共计19种市售除草剂在除草效果和对高羊茅种子生产的影响上进行了比较。试验结果表明,苯磺隆、谷欢和春杰处理的高羊茅种子产量与手工除草对照的相比没有显著差异,产量下降不到10%,与其他除草剂相比减产幅度较小。该3种药剂处理的种子发芽率均大于90%,与稻欢处理的最高发芽率(96%)相比无显著差异。此外,该3种药剂杀草谱广、见效快,主要防除苦苣菜(Sonchus oleraceus L.)、小飞蓬[Conyza canadensis(L.)Cronq.]、猪殃殃[Galium aparine L.var.tenerum Gren.et(Godr.)Rebb.]、婆婆纳(Veronica didyma Tenore.)、大巢菜(Vicia gigantea Bge.)和葎草[Humulus scandens(Lour.)Merr.]等杂草。因此,苯磺隆、谷欢和春杰是适合在高羊茅种子田施用的安全、高效阔叶杂草除草剂。

A field experiment was conducted in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2015 to determine appropriate herbicides for seed production in tall fescue （Festuca arundinacea Schreb）. Effects of 19 postemergence herbicides,including commonly used and registered in latest 5 years, on weed control and tall feseue seed production was compared with handy weeding and nontreated checks. The results from the experiment showed that tall fescue seed yields of tribenuron-methyl （Commercial name, Ben Huang Long）, MCPA-Bentazone （Commercial name, Gu Huan）and Florasulam Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester （Commercial name,Chun Jie） were not significantly different from the highest seed yield of handy weeding check,with a reduction less than 10%,which was relatively lower than those of the other herbicides. The seed germination rate of tall fescue of the three herbicide treatments was more than 90%, which was not significantly different from the ghest seed germination rate （96%） of the Oxyfluorfen （Commercial name,Dao Huan）. Moreover, the efficacy of the three herbicides was relatively high with wide spectrum and quick effects. They mainly killed and/or inhibited growth of broadleaf weeds, such as, Sonchu,s oleraceus L. ,Conyza canadensis （Cronq.）,Galiurn aparine L. vat. Tenerurn Gren. et （Godr.）Rebb. ）, Veronica didyma Tenore. ,Vicia gigantea Bge. , Humulus scandens （Lout.）Merr. etc. It is reasonably concluded that tribenuron-methyl,MCPA-Bentazone and Florasulam Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester are safe and efficient herbicides for tail fescue seed production.