我国山溪鲵属分布及保护对策

Distribution and Conservation of Batrachuperus Stream Salamanders in China

山溪鲵属(Batrachuperus)现已知7种,为我国特有种。主要分布于横断山脉及其附近山区,生活于海拔较高的山区溪流内,成体性成熟后将卵产于流速较缓、石块居多的溪流内。成鲵主要营水栖生活,以虾类和水生昆虫及其幼虫等为食。通过分析其地理分布后得知:我国所特有的7种山溪鲵均为横断山型,在东洋界均有分布;而古北界仅分布3种,主要分布于青海藏南亚区。其中山溪鲵与西藏山溪鲵分布最广,而其他5种则分布狭窄。该属物种作为我国传统藏药,具有治疗跌打损伤和关节疼痛等作用。由于其独特的药用价值,其市场价值不断攀升,在利益的驱使下,人为过度捕捉导致该属物种种群数量急剧下降,面临易危、濒危甚至灭绝的危险。本文通过梳理山溪鲵属的分布范围以及现状,分析了导致以山溪鲵属为代表的两栖类物种种群数量下降的主要原因,并提出相应保护对策。

There are 7 known species of Batrachuperus,all endemic to China and mainly distributed across the Hengduan Mountains and nearby mountains. They usually inhabit and spawn in mountain streams at higher elevations where the flows are slow and streambeds have many stones. Adults live mainly in water and feed on shrimp and aquatic insects and their larvae. Analysis of its geographical distribution showed that 7 species of Batrachuperus were Hengduan Mountains type,3 species of which only could be found in Palearctic mainly distributed the sub-area of Qinghai and southern Tibet. Among these,distribution of B. pinchonii and B. tibetanus were wide and others were narrow. These species,as traditional Tibetan medicine in China,are used to treat injuries from falls, fractures, contusions and strains, and joint pain. Because of their unique medicinal value,the market price of these species has risen continuously,leading to excessive harvest by humans that has caused a sharp decline in populations. Some species are vulnerable,endangered and even locally extinct. In this paper,we review the distribution and status of the species of Batrachuperus,and analyze the main threats to amphibian populations. We offer protection countermeasures.