徽州传统民居夏季热环境分析

Analysis on Field Measurement of Thermal Environment of Huizhou Traditional Vernacular Dwellings in Summer

为了分析传统民居夏季室内热环境现状特点及形成机理,对徽州传统民居夏季室内的空气温度、湿度、壁面温度、风速进行实测。通过对实测数据的分析发现,传统民居的夏季隔热、通风效果优于现代民居。传统民居各功能区域低于热舒适区上限温度的时间频率均高于85%,但湿度较高,夏季热环境良好。阁楼夏季的热缓冲层效果明显,传统民居坡屋顶及屋面构造、空斗砖墙构造对于夏季隔热效果显著。此外,天井热压通风量夜间大于日间,夜间通风是带走室内热量的重要手段。白天围护结构隔热,夜间天井通风是徽州传统民居营造夏季室内环境的被动式策略。

Measurements of indoor air temperature and humidity, wall temperature and wind speed of Huizhou traditional vernacular dwellings are taken in summer, to allow analysis on features in indoor thermal environment and its forming mechanisms. Analysis on the actual measurements reveals that the traditional dwellings outperform modern dwellings in heat shielding and ventilation in summer. Temporal frequency of functional areas in traditional dwellings below thermal comfort zone ceiling temperature is higher than 85 % , but the traditional dwellings provides fine thermal environment in summer with high humidity. Among others, attic becomes the one with remarkable effect in its thermal buffer layer in summer; slope roof and roof structure as well as hollow brick wall construction in the traditional vernacular dwellings are of significance in heat shielding in summer. Besides, rate of thermal pressure ventilation through patio is greater at night than in day time, so ventilation at night constitutes a critical means to take away indoor heat. Exterior-protected construction in daytime and ventilation through patio at night are among the passive strategies for Huizhou traditional vernacular dwellings to build up its indoor environment in summer.