浸提辅助剂在中药提取中的应用及研究进展

Application and Research Progress of Extraction Auxiliary Agents in Extraction of Traditional Chinese Medicine

提取作为中药制造过程的重要操作单元,直接影响着后续工艺及药品质量,提取技术的发展和改进对开发高质量中药产品、促进中药产业的良性发展有着重要作用。在中药提取过程中,适当加入酸、碱、表面活性剂、酶等浸提辅助剂,可改变提取溶剂的p H,或改变药材与溶剂之间的表面张力,或破坏植物细胞壁的结构,使有效成分易于溶出,实现对中药药效成分的高效提取。浸提辅助剂目前已广泛应用于提取中药材中的黄酮类、生物碱类、多糖类、有机酸、皂苷类、蒽醌类、三萜酸、蛋白等化合物,能显著提高提取效率,但也存在一定缺陷。通过查阅文献,对浸提辅助剂在中药提取中的应用情况、特点、优势、不足及适用范围进行阐述,对存在的问题进行分析并提出解决对策,以期为其在中药提取中的应用提供新思路。

As an important unit in the manufacturing process of traditional Chinese medicine （TCkl）, extraction directly affects the subsequent process and the quality of medicines. The development and improvement of extraction techniques play an important role in developing high-quality TCM products and promoting the benign development of TCM industry. In the extraction process of TCM, the medicinal ingredients of herbs can be easily dissolved and efficiently extracted by adding extraction auxiliary agents, such as acids, alkalis, surfactants and enzymes, which can change the pH of solvent, or change the surface tension between the medicinal herbs and solvents, or destroy the structure of the plant cell wall. Extraction auxiliary agents has been widely applied in the extraction of flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, organic acids, saponins, anthraquinones, triterpene acids, proteins and other compounds in Chinese herbal medicines, it can significantly improve the extraction efficiency, but also has some defects. By consulting the literatures, this paper expounds the application, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and scope of application of extraction auxiliary agents, analyzes the existing problems and puts forward some countermeasures to provide new ideas for the application of extraction auxiliary agents in the extraction process of TCM.