商事司法对商主体法定原则的突破

Commercial Justice's Breach of Doctrine of Legality of Merchant

商主体法定原则为我国商法学界的通说,但该通说是我国学者对国外立法例的学理阐释,国外学理上并未有类似表达。商主体法定原则的前提是商主体的立法较为完备,不同商主体法之间的转介条款较为合理。我国目前的商主体立法不具备这样的条件,因此商主体法定原则不适合我国法制现状。司法实务当中对商主体原则多有突破,法院在处理商主体的纠纷过程中,常常用类推适用的方法解决纠纷,表现为同一商主体内部、不同商主体之间和民商事主体之间的类推适用。这种突破有其合理性,商主体法定本就是学理表达,其对法院审判活动并无实际的拘束力,商主体立法大量漏洞的存在迫使法院必须放弃商主体法定原则,从结果上来看,法院对商主体法定的突破带来积极的社会效果。尽管法院的类推适用在技术上存在一定的瑕疵,但法院做法本身并不应被批评,反倒是学理上应该放弃商主体法定原则。

Doctrine of legality of merchant is the current expression of Chinese commerical taw theory, but this doctrine is the theoretical interpretation of foreign legishation by Chinese Scholars, and we cannot find similar theory in foreign countries.The doctrine of legality of merchants needs two important conditions ： firstly, the legishations of merchant are consummate; secondly, there are reasonable referral articles in the laws of merchant.Since we do not have the conditions, the doctrine is not fit for Chinese legal system.The commerical logal practice often breaks this doctrine. During the process of trial, courts often resolve the commerical disputes in the way of analogy, including the analogy inside the same merchant, between the different merchants and between civil and commercial subjects.The breach is rational.Because the doctrine originally is theoretical, which cannot bind the conrts indeed. And the loopholes of laws of merchant force the courts to give up the doctrine.Moreover,the breaks lead positive social effects.E- ven though the analogy of justice has some technical imperfection ,it should not be criticized.On the contrary ,the doctrine should be given up.