蕈菌基因组测序的进展

Advance of Macro-Fungal Genomes Sequencing

蕈菌在人类社会和自然界扮演重要角色,除了食用和药用价值以外很大的前景是应用于碳源回收和生物环境修复方面。随着高通量测序技术的广泛应用,蕈菌的基因组测序得以实现,而蕈菌的基因组测序工作将极大地促进蕈菌基础生物学研究,同时为珍稀物种的保育提供科学依据。在蕈菌基因组测序中,美国能源部所属的联合基因组研究所做了大量工作,尤其是其"1 000 Fungal Genomes"项目。文中在概括介绍蕈菌全基因组测序的检索方法、测序技术和基因组测序类型基础上,通过文献调查和数据库检索收录了323种已完成或部分完成基因组测序的蕈菌(分属于70个科,其中有8个物种科级单位不确定),为大型食药用菌的遗传多样性的分析和保护生物学研究提供参考资料。

Macro-fungi play an important role in the nature and human society. Besides that they have good value of edible and medical use, macro-fungi hold considerable promise in the development of carbon sequestration and bioremediation of contaminated ecosystems. The next generation sequencing technology has opened up exciting possibilities for whole genome sequencing of Macrofungi. It will tremendously facilitate the basic research on macro-fungal biology, and provides scientific basis on the conservation of the rare species.This article has outlined genome sequencing of macro-fungal retrieval methods, terms, the types of sequencing. Three hundred twenty three macrofungi belongs to 70 families （8 species are incertae sedis）have been reported with their genome sequences which were enumerated in this article by literature survey and database retrieval. Information of some completed and part-completed macro-fungal genomes was edited into species lists. The marking of economic value （the edible, medicinal and poisonous mushroom） is listed in table. In the macro-fungal genome sequencing, the U.S. DOE Joint Genome Institute plays an important role, especially the ＂ 1 000 Fungal Genomes＂ project. The advance of macro-fungal quencing stimulates the development on basic research , such as conservation, genomes seutilization on macro-fungus.