我国稀土产品出口政策效果评估的实证检验

An Empirical Study of the Evaluation for China's Rare Earth Exporting

文章从海关数据库中提取出2000~2010年我国稀土产品出口数据,以2005年稀土出口退税取消为冲击,从企业稀土产品出口结构的视角来评估我国稀土产品出口政策的效果。研究发现:出口退税取消在一定程度上抑制了我国稀土产品的出口规模;出口退税取消使稀土初级产品出口量和出口价格都显著下降,但是对稀土深加工产品的出口量和出口价格影响不显著;出口关税的提高使一般贸易企业的稀土深加工产品出口量有了显著增加。从控制稀土初级产品出口方面来分析,我国稀土产品出口政策效果比较好,符合政策制定者的目标;但是从改善稀土产品出口结构层面分析,我国稀土产品出口政策短期效果不是很理想。中国政府应该要有针对性地对不同贸易方式的企业进行出口税率的调整。

The data from 2000 to 2010 are extracted from the customs database and the effect of rare earth products' export policy isevaluated from the perspective of export scale and structure. We found that: the second year of the cancellation of export tax rate made rare-earth and primary rare-earth's export volume of general trade and processing trade decreased significantly,deep processing volume increased but not significantly. The tariff policy made up the deficiencies of export rate cancellation policy to a certain extent. It not only controlled general enterprises' rare-earth products export scale but also improved their export structure.It made deep processing volume increased significantly,but the improvement it brought to resource allocation effectiveness is limited. So,we think the government should make more neutral export policy to different enterprise and improve the rare-earth resources tax policy as soon as possible.