合瓦体青铜钮钟及其发展源流研究

On Bronze Niu Bells with Oval-shaped Cross-section and Its Typological Development

本文对黄河中下游、长江中下游地区以及四川、广东等地发现的春秋初期至西汉前期合瓦体青铜钮钟做分型、分式、分期研究,并在此基础上探讨与钮钟发展源流相关的一系列形制问题。指出钮钟的形成与商、周时期的铃有密切关系,但两型钮钟的来源并不完全相同,A型钮钟是吸收铃与甬钟优势特征而成、B型钮钟则直接源于铃;战国后期兴起于齐国的A型Ⅱ2式钮钟不仅在当时影响到其它诸侯国的铸钟风格,还伴随着齐文化的传播成为战国到秦、汉之间双音钟铸造技术传承链条上关键的一环。

This paper conducted a typological and chronological analysis of bronze niu bells from the Middle and Lower Yellow River, Middle and Lower Yangtze River, Sichuan, and Guangdong dating from the Early Spring and Autumn period to the Early Western Han period. Based on the analysis, the author discusses several issues related to the development of the bronze niu bells. This paper points out that the formation of the niu bells was closely related to bronze bells in the Shang and Zhou period. Nonetheless, these two types of niu bells have different origins. Type A niu bells were developed based on the ling bells and yong bells. Type B was developed directly from the ling bells. Moreover, the type A II2 bells, which were primarily found in the Qi state during the Late Warring States period, had impacts on the manufacturing of bells in other states and even became a key part in the development from the Qin to Han double-tune bells along with the spread of the Qi culture.