两岸抵押权之比较与立法建议

Comparative Study and Legislative Suggestions on the Cross-strait Mortgage

台湾地区因有物权法定主义之限制,抵押权之标的仅包含不动产、动产与权利,因不动产价值高,台湾地区以不动产设定抵押权以作担保情形甚多,因此,抵押权制度在台湾地区已发展相当成熟,相较于大陆地区,其具有三大不同特性,即:抵押权具有追及效力,可借此降低债权无法满足之风险;承认流押契约之使用,使抵押物价值获得更充分之发挥;未设有反担保制度,而系以成立物上保证人之代位请求权求调和。本文尝试先以立法五大参考原则做开端,希望以立法之角度作为本篇之主轴,再介绍台湾地区与大陆地区抵押权之发展与沿革,并比较两岸抵押权之异同,辅以台湾地区抵押权修法历程为借镜,供作大陆地区立法参考,期能借由本篇之探讨,提供大陆地区物权法之修法建议。

In Taiwan region, subject to the restriction of principal of legality of right in rem, the target of mortgage are limited to real property, personal property and rights. As real estates are valuable, it is common in Taiwan region to mortgage real property as collateral. Therefore, the development of mortgage system in Taiwan region is relatively mature. Compared to China's Mainland, Taiwan region mortgage has three main different characteristics, which are： the mortgagee can pursuit his/her right against the collateral to reduce the risk of unsatisfied overdue payment; the admission of fluidity contract to maximize the value of the mortgage; and the use of subrogation right to reconcile the needs instead of the adoption of counter-guarantee system. This article first refers to five principles of legislation, and expects to elaborate this topic from a legislative perspective. Then it introduces the development of mortgage in Taiwan region and in China's Mainland and compares the differences and similarities thereof. It further supplement the legislative history of mortgage in Taiwan region serving as a reference for China's Mainland and, through the discussion of this topic expects to provide legislative suggestions for China's Mainland＇s reference on the amendment to its property law.