某汽车制造厂噪声作业工人职业健康调查

Investigation on health status of workers occupationally exposed to noise in an automobile manufacturer

[目的]调查和分析噪声作业工人职业健康状况,为噪声作业工人职业卫生管理提供科学依据。[方法]选取某汽车制造厂662名噪声作业工人为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查、职业健康体检,调查噪声作业工人噪声声级、年龄、工龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、吸烟、饮酒和戴耳机听音乐的频率等指标,分析在听力检测结果、类神经症检出情况以及血压检查结果方面,不同工人间是否存在差异性。[结果]662名噪声作业工人个体噪声声级为80.1~102.0 d B(A),均值为(84.1±2.5)d B(A)。高频听力损失检出率为20.2%,类神经征阳性率为32.6%,血压异常率为60.9%。听力正常组接触噪声声级低于高频听力损失组,类神经症阳性组接触噪声声级大于类神经症阴性组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05)。不同年龄、接噪工龄、BMI,以及戴耳机听音乐频率不同的接噪工人高频听力损失检出率不同(P<0.01或0.05),且随着接噪工人年龄的增长、工龄的增加、BMI的升高,以及戴耳机听音乐频率的增多,有升高的趋势(P<0.01或0.05)。不同年龄、接噪工龄以及戴耳机听音乐频率不同的工人类神经症的阳性率不同(P<0.01或0.05),且有随着接噪工人年龄的增加、工龄的增加,有升高的趋势(P<0.01)。不同年龄、接噪工龄和BMI的工人血压异常率不同(P<0.01或0.05),且随着BMI的降低、年龄的升高以及接噪工龄的增加,接噪工人血压异常率存在下降的趋势(P<0.01)。[结论]该企业噪声作业工人职业健康状况不容乐观。企业应当加强噪声作业工人职业卫生管理,保护工人生命健康。

[Objective] To investigate the health status of workers occupationally exposed to noise,and provide scientific orientation for occupational health management and service in the automobile manufacturer. [Methods] Noise-exposed workers in an automobile manufacturer were studied. The questionnaire survey and occupational health examination were done and the association of health status with noise exposure was assayed. [Results] Totally 662 workers were studied and their noise exposure levels varied from 80.1 to 102.0 d B（A）with the mean of（84.1 ± 2.5） d B（A）,and 20.2%,32.6% and 60.9% workers were found to have high-frequency hearing loss（HFHL）,neurasthenia syndrome and abnormal blood pressure,respectively.The noise exposure level of these suffering cases with HFHL or neurasthenia syndrome was significantly higher than that of other workers（P 0.01 or 0.05）. It was also noted that the elder age,longer time of exposure to noise,higher BMI and more frequently listening to music with headphone of noise-exposed workers were,all or partially,related to higher incidence of HFHL,neurasthenia syndrome and abnormal blood pressure（P 0.01 or 0.05）. [Conclusion] The occupational health status of noise-exposed workers in this automobile enterprise was not optimistic. The enterprise should strengthen the occupational health management and protect the workers＇ health.