深空测控系统X波段低温接收组件

X-band cryogenic receiving component used for deep space T&C system

为满足探月工程及火星探测等深空测控的需求,开展具有极低噪声和发射频率功率强抑制双重要求的X波段低温接收组件的研制。采用隔热技术和阻抗匹配技术实现了隔热传输线从常温(300K)到低温(12K)的良好隔热和极低损耗;采用超导滤波器实现低的引入噪声的同时实现对发射频率的强抑制,避免其对接收频段的干扰;通过场效应管参数提取及源极负反馈等电路设计方法实现了极低噪声低温放大器的研制。通过热仿真设计将低温工作部件降至所需温度,以降低其引入的噪声温度。通过以上关键技术的解决,实现了接收组件在8.4-8.5GHz频率范围内:噪声温度≤11.4K;增益≥56.1dB;发射频率抑制≥141dB。很好满足了深空测控系统极低噪声和发射频率强抑制的需求。

X - band cryogenic receiving components characterized by extremely low noise and strong suppression to transmit- ting power needs was developed conducted, so as to meet the measurement and control requirements for deep space such as lunar and Mars exploration. Technologies of heat insulation and impedance matching were used in the transmission line from the room temperature （300K） to low temperature （12K） ;Superconductive filter was used to achieve low noise as well as strong inhibition to the emission frequerey power and avoid its interferee to the receiving band. The cryogenic amplifier with extremely low noise was researched by means of field effect transistor parameter extraction, negative feedback of source and other circuit design methods. Through thermal simulation, we made the temperature of components working at low temperature, so as to reduce the noise temper- ature . With the solution of the key technologies above, the following aspects were achieved in the receiving components within the frequency range of 8.4 to 8.5 ） GHz including ： Noise temperature ≤ 11.5 K , Gain ≥ 56.1 dB, Suppression of emission frequency ≥141dB. It satisfies the demand of extremely low noise and strong suppression of emission frequency in the deep space T＆C system.